![]() For the two Covenants to become binding in your country, your Government must ratify them. The International Bill of Human Rights is a powerful statement of your rights and should persuade all Governments to respect your rights. Ratification status of the Covenants by country Banning the use of minority or indigenous languages (the right to participate in cultural life and the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or to use their own language).Systematically segregating children with disabilities from mainstream schools (the right to education and the right to equality and non-discrimination).Denying a person access to information and services related to sexual and reproductive health (the right to health and the right to life).Failure to ensure a minimum wage sufficient for a decent living (the right to work and the right to equality before the law).Water treatment facilities contaminating drinking water (the right to health and the right to life).Forcibly evicting people from their homes (the right to adequate housing and the right to choose his or her place of residence).Often a violation of one of these rights is linked to a violation of other rights. ![]() Violations occur when a Government fails in its obligations to respect, protect and fulfil these rights. Your civil, political, economic, cultural, and social rights can be violated through various means. The State must provide budgets to make sure everyone can access medicines and be free from hunger. For example, the State has to provide interpretation during trials if the accused cannot speak the language spoken in Court. States must take steps to realize rights.And the State has to make sure that private companies provide a fair wage for your work and do not give different salaries to men and women who do the same job. For example, the State must stop people using hate speech against you because of where you are from or who you are. States must take measures to make sure that others, such as businesses, political groups or other people do not interfere with your rights.The State cannot force you to work in an area you have not freely chosen or stop you from speaking your language. For example, the State must not torture you or make you a slave. States must refrain from interfering directly or indirectly with your rights.The Covenants identify the responsibilities placed on States to respect, protect and fulfill those rights: Respect Freedom to undertake scientific research and creative activity.Right of authors to moral and material interests from works.Freedom of parents to choose schooling for their children.Right to an adequate standard of living.Freedom of children from social and economic exploitation.Right of mothers to special protection before and after birth.Right to just and favourable conditions at work.Right of children to birth registration and a nationality.Freedom of non-citizens from arbitrary expulsion.Right to be treated with humanity in detention.Right to liberty and security of person.Right to equality between men and women. ![]() The ICESCR and the ICCPR set out the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that everyone is entitled to: ICCPR Learn about the specific rights covered by the ICESCR and the ICCPR, the responsibilities of States, and how the Covenants are monitored below. Together, the UDHR and these two Covenants are known as the International Bill of Human Rights. These are often referred to as “the International Covenants.” In December 1966, the UN General Assembly adopted two international treaties that would further shape international human rights: the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In December of that year, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), a milestone that would profoundly influence the development of international human rights law. In 1948, for the first time, countries agreed on a comprehensive list of inalienable human rights. Following the second world war, a series of declarations and covenants began to articulate universal human rights. ![]()
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